SON 190B - Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation II

1. Discuss hemodynamics including pressure/flow relationships, Bernoulli’s principle, venous and arterial flow, velocity, turbulence, and peak velocities.
2. Calculate the Reynolds number and discuss its significance.
3. Discuss the Doppler shift and Doppler effect.
4. Use the Doppler shift equation to calculate the change in frequency of the ultrasound pulse.
5. Determine the velocity of a moving interface by using the Doppler equation.
6. Describe the difference in continuous-wave Doppler and pulsed-wave Doppler.
7. Identify aliasing on ultrasound images and describe how to eliminate or reduce this artifact.
8. Discuss methods used to determine the direction of flow.
9. Discuss color-flow Doppler and compare it to pulsed Doppler.
10. Describe spectral analysis and disturbed flow patterns.
11. Describe the specification of intensity on an ultrasound pulse and the interactions of ultrasound with matter.
12. Discuss the areas of research into the bio effects of ultrasound and the ultrasonic effects on biomolecules and mammals.
13. Describe the purpose of quality control and how to implement a QA/AC program in an ultrasound lab.
14. Identify specific image artifacts and describe what caused them and how to reduce or eliminate them.